传喜法师缅甸蒲甘朝圣之旅（上） A Pilgrimage to Pagan in Myanmar
缅甸位于中南半岛的西端
Myanmar is located in the west of Indo-China Peninsula
佛教从公元前2世纪正式传入
Buddhism has been introduced to this country since 2ndcentury BC
到公元1044年被定为国教
and was identified as the national religion till 1044
从此缅甸人对佛法
Since then Burmese have kept
坚定而强烈的信仰始终如一
firm and strong faith in Buddhism
对佛法僧三宝的尊崇
Such faith and respect towards Buddha, Dharma and Sangha
更是千年以来从未改变
have remained the same over the past thousand years
行走在缅甸
When you walk in Myanmar’s
每一个城镇每一处乡村
every town and village
都可以看到
you can find
大大小小的佛塔和寺庙
pagodas and temples of different scales
佛法的行持与缅甸人的日常生活
The practice of Buddhism is closely related to
紧密相连
the daily living of the Burmese
布施结缘诵经打坐
Making offerings to form ties with others, chanting sutras and meditating
是每一位虔信佛法的缅甸人
are every devoted Burmese Buddhism practitioners’
毕生修行的功课
lifelong lessons
伊洛瓦底江流经缅甸中部
Irrawaddy River flows through the middle part of Myanmar
孕育了富饶美丽的平原
and has nurtured the rich and beautiful flat lands
这里也是缅甸较早出现文明的地方
This is also the place where the initial civilization of Myanmar was discovered
公元847年蒲甘建立王国
Pagan established its kingdom in 847 AD
1044年阿努律陀王在蒲甘建立起
In 1044, Anawrahta Minsaw (the emperor) established
缅甸历史上第一个统一的王朝
the first Burmese Empire in Pagan
同年立上座部佛教为国教
and made Theravada Buddhism as the state religion
在短短三四百年的时间里
Within the subsequent three to four hundred years
蒲甘虽然经历了频繁的政权更迭
Pagan went through multiple changes of regimes
但历代国王和百姓
However, the pious wish of kings and the people
虔敬造塔的愿望却从末改变
to build pagodas has never changed
如今蒲甘的皇宫民舍都早已消失不见
At present, royal palaces and folk buildings have all disappeared
唯有2230座造型各异的佛塔
Only 2230 pagodas of different shapes
依然分布在这42平方公里的平原上
still spread across this 42km2flat l and
在变化无常的世界里
In a world of constant change
建造佛塔成为蒲甘人唯一毕生的愿望
building pagodas has become the only lifelong wish of Pagan people
纯净虔诚的信心造就了蒲甘佛塔
The pure and pious faith has created Pagan pagodas
千年不变的永恒魅力
that has eternal charm
一群一簇的佛塔
A cluster of pagodas
历经岁月沧桑
has gone through vicissitudes of life
掩映在树木丛林中
The pagodas arehalf hidden between the trees
and jungles
耸立的塔尖
The erection of spires
沙土的地面
and the sandy ground
如同一幅水墨画一般
calligraphed a piece of beautiful ink painting
这种出离尘世的美好
The unworldly pure beauty
轻易地触及到人们的内心深处
can easily reach deep into people’s heart
仿佛刻上了烙印一般
as if it was imprinted
挥之不去
and couldn’t be taken away
佛塔最早是装藏佛舍利的建筑
Pagoda was first built for storing Buddhist relics
代表着诸佛的法身
It embodies the Dharma-body
和佛的意之所依
and the mind of Buddha
虔敬信佛的缅甸人相信
The devout Burmese believe that
建造和供养佛塔的人
people who build and make offerings to pagodas
会有美好的来世
will have good next lives
慈悲的海涛法师
The compassionate Master Haitao
引用佛典所记载的故事
quoted stories recorded in Buddhist scriptures
对大众宣讲建造佛塔的功德
to introduce the merits of building pagodas
有一次释迦牟尼佛在讲经说法
Once Buddha Shakyamuni preached
很多很多人
to a great many people
然后他就站在后面
and an old man
然后他站在后面的时候
was standing at the back
释迦牟尼佛就不讲课了
Buddha Shakyamuni then stopped preaching
释迦牟尼佛就把那个老人找过来
and invited the old man to come near
祂说老人家啊我跟你讲啊
He said to the old man
我跟你讲个事实你要相信
I would tell you a fact that
再过七天你就要死了
you would pass away after seven days
死了以后下地狱下三恶道
and go to the hell and the three evil paths of transmigration
将来出生贫贱
then you will be reborn poor and lowly
这个老人家就瓦解了
The old man completely collapsed
跪在佛陀面前哭啊
and kneeled in front of Buddha and cried
伟大的佛陀啊
He said: “Oh, great Buddha,
我以前看不起你
I looked down upon you in the past
但是我现在很痛苦的
but now I feel the suffering
你既然讲得出来怎么救我
Since you can tell about my future
怎么救我你告诉我
please do tell me how to save myself
我一定去做
I will follow your guidance
我皈依你啊我皈依你
I will take refuge in you, I will take refuge in you!”
他就跪在那边皈依佛陀
He kneeled down and took refuge
佛陀就跟他说了
Buddha said to him that
可以如果你要救你自己啊
if you wished to save your life
很简单
there’s an easy way
你在后面有一个坏掉的佛塔
If you could rebuild
你能够把它重建
the damaged pagoda behind you
重建以后七天以后
7 days later
不但不会死
you would not die
将来还可以往生无忧国土
and would be reborn to the pure land in future
投胎做人的时候大富贵
If you were reborn as human, you would be born rich
中年出家证得解脱
At middle age, you would become a monk and attain liberation
哇这个老人家一听高兴啊
The old man was very happy to hear that
然后他就把那个旧的佛塔恢复
He repaired the old pagoda
不但恢复恢复以后
and did not die
他七天不但没死
after seven days
他活到100多岁
He lived over 100 years old
不但活到100多岁
He was not only lived over a hundred years
无病而终就升上无忧天
but also died free of disease
后来往生净土投胎做人
He went to the pure land and had the chance to be reborn ashuman
这就是佛经讲的造佛塔的开示
This is an enlightening story about building
pagodas stated in scriptures
蒲甘人深深相信佛陀亲口宣说的教诲
Pagan people deeply believe in Buddha’s teaching
在缅甸的史册中
In Myanmar’s history
关于风土人情
local conditions, customs
政权变化的记载都语焉不详
and change of regime were not recorded in detail
但是每位国王就位以后
But every king on the throne
都会以最大的热情和国力来建造佛塔
would put in great effort and national support in building pagodas
这些层层叠叠造型各异的佛塔
These pagodas with different shapes
是缅甸佛塔建筑的集大成者
are signatures of the architecture in Myanmar
它们树立起缅甸人虔诚信仰的姿态
They havebuilt up pious faith of Burmese
亲自讲述着缅甸人信仰的历史
and tell the history of Burmese faith
公元１０９０年
In 1090 AD
作为当时全缅的第一大寺
the largest temple of Myanmar
著名的阿南达塔寺落成
the famousAnanda Temple was completed
各地佛教徒
Buddhists from different places
包括远自印度的僧人涌集蒲甘
including Indian monks gathered together in Pagan
由当时在位的康瑟达王亲自主持开光
King Kyanzitta personally held the consecration ceremony
阿南达塔寺占地十六英亩
Ananda Temple covers an area of 16 acres
塔高１６８尺
168 feet tall
外墙洁白
with a clean white wall outside
据考是依据印度
According to investigation, it was built following
奥立沙的佛教石窟模型建造
the model of Indian Buddhist cave in Orissa
塔的外壁有壁画一千五百幅
The 1500 wall paintings on the external wall
of the pagoda
大都取材于《本生经》
originated from The Jataka Tales
每一幅壁画都附有巴利文
Each painting was attached with details
及孟文的文字说明
written in Pali and Bengali scripts
塔内甬道两旁设有八十座佛龛
Along both sides of the pavement in the pagoda
供奉着石刻的佛像
there are 80 shrines with carved statues of
Buddha
阿南达佛塔的浮雕彩绘和佛像造型上
The embossed, colored paintings and the statues in Ananda Temple
都具有明显的印度特色
bear clear Indian features
佛塔有东南西北四个入口
In the four different directions of the temple
分别供奉了四尊佛像
four statues of Buddhasare consecrated
为贤劫千佛中过去四佛的造像
They represent four past Buddhas among the kalpa of thousand Buddhas
朝北的佛像是拘留孙佛
The statue facing north isKrakucchanda
朝东的是拘那含牟尼佛
facing east is Kanakamuni
朝南的迦叶佛
facing south is Kasyapa
面部形象独特
Their facialexpressions areunique
远看是微笑的面孔
Seen from afar, they are smiling
越走近看却渐渐变得严肃
When you come closer, they become solemn
朝西的佛像
The statue facing west
手结施无畏予愿印的
with abhaya mudra
是释迦牟尼佛
is Buddha Shakyamuni
在巨大佛像的脚前
At the foot of the giant statue
有康瑟达王以及国师阿罗
there are statues of King Kyanzitta and the
State Preceptor Arhan
两个跪姿的石雕塑像
in kneeling posture
在这些造型各异的佛像之中
From different shapes of Buddha statues
曾经盛行的大乘佛教的信仰
we can tell the once popular belief of Mahay
ana Buddhism
还留有深深的印迹
has left a deep trail
达玛扬意塔
Dhama Yan Gyi Temple
是蒲甘城墙最厚
has the thickest wall
体积最大的佛塔
and is the largest inscale in Pagan
建于1163年
It was built in the year 1163
是砖塔建筑的代表
and is the best representation of brick temples
巨大的砖墙紧密契合
Huge bricks are fit to each other
之间的缝隙极其微小
so closely and seamlessly
连细小的针都不能插入
that spare no space even for a needle
达玛扬意佛塔的内部光影斑驳
With reflections of lights and shadows in the pagoda
回廊大气
Dhama Yan Gyitemple boasts its grand corridor
佛塔西殿供奉的两尊并肩而坐的佛像
The two Buddha statues sitting side-by-side are
释迦牟尼佛和当来下生弥勒尊佛
Buddha Shakyamuni and Maitreya, the Buddha of future
慈悲的法师们在这座佛塔旁
Compassionate Buddhist masters sat around the pagoda
带领大众持咒祈请
leading the public to chant mantras and pray for
回向蒲甘人民生活安乐
the good living of Pagan people and dedicating the merits to them
往生者离苦得乐
blessing that the dead be relieved from sufferings and attain bliss
天空中绚目的琉璃云
The glaring clouds in the sky
如同孔雀的羽毛
are like peacock’s feather
变幻着神奇的姿态
changing into different gestures
映衬着庄严的佛塔
setting the temple off solemnly
爱出者爱返，福往者福来。随喜转载，功德无量。
